Colonial Families of the Northern Neck of Virginia
Starting time Settlers of the Northern Neck of Virginia
In the late 1640s many leaders of Maryland's Civil War fled s across the Potomac River to settle on the Northern Cervix of the Colony of Virginia. As Ingle's Rebellion demonstrated, these men had an overwhelming desire for individual freedom, ownership of the state they worked and cocky-government. Their experiences in Maryland would influence the futurity of Northumberland and Westmoreland Counties of Virginia and indeed of our nation since three of America'southward beginning five presidents were great-grandsons of immigrants to this spirited surround. It is of special interest to me personally since i of my ancestors, William Rush, settled in this area about 1650 and married Francis Gray's daughter, Anne, in November 1658. If yous came to this webpage straight, you might first want to peruse the chapter on Ingle'southward Rebellion and Maryland'due south Civil War by clicking hither (link) .
A Short History of the Northern Cervix
Although during the summer of 1608 Capt. John Smith briefly explored the Potomac River and Northern Cervix by gunkhole, the southern shore of the Potomac River was claimed neither past Virginia nor Maryland until the late 1640s. Subsequently the 1622 Expert Friday massacre at Jamestown and the war with the Indians, Virginia Colonial Secretarial assistant George Sandy renewed a peace treaty with the Potomac tribe. Sandy'south successor, William Claiborne, having been driven from Kent Island in the northern Chesapeake Bay by Maryland's Governor Leonard Calvert in 1637, bundled for himself to receive a special grant of state on the Northern Neck in 1640. Most the same fourth dimension, John Mottrom, a merchant from York Canton, Virginia, settled on the Chicacoan River and established a trading post. Another Indian set on occured on Holy Thursday, 18 April 1644, which killed 500 settlers. A war ensued which lasted for two years. As a function of a peace treaty signed in Oct 1646, the Virginians promised not to settle on the Middle Peninsula and Northern Cervix. [342]. Consequently, the primeval white settlers at Chicacoan (abbreviated "Coan") were in that location on their own. [236] View the location of Mottram's state patent here (link).
The disgruntled Maryland Protestants from Kent Island and St. Mary's County had plotted their rebellion against Governor Calvert at John Mottrom's house and, later on Calvert subdued the rebellion in late 1646, it was to his house that they initially fled. There was no authorities, no taxes, no Justices or Sheriff - no official authority of any kind - until the Colony of Virginia abrogated the treaty with the Chickacone Indians and annexed the entire Northern Neck establishing the Canton of Northumberland in January, 1648. Many of the prominent participants in Ingle'southward Rebellion against Calvert who had governed themselves for nearly two years settled in the portion of Northumberland which became Westmoreland Canton in July 1653. [233]
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Information technology is important to annotation that with Virginia'south headright system, a freeman arriving from Maryland was entitled to 50 acres of free state for himself and an boosted 50 acres for his wife, for each child and for each servant which he transported into the colony. This is a map (click for image) of early Westmoreland County patents which shows Francis Gray's 16 July 1654 patent 0f 675 acres and his eighteen March 1662 patent of 572 acres, the Upper Church building at the Round Hills where he, Andrew Monroe and John Washington were founding Vestrymen and the mills of John Washington (built 1662) and Andrew Monroe on Rozier's Creek (Attopin Creek).
I should explicate that the first 38 pages of Northumberland County Deeds and Orders Book 1 (1648 - 1652) are missing. [278] The Society Book begins with folio 39, dated 24 May 1650. However, an Index for the outset 78 pages of this Society Book exists and individuals and cases referenced in the Alphabetize on existing pages 39 though 78 represent exactly. Therefore information technology is presumed that the Index begins with the showtime court coming together on 20 January 1648 and runs through the first half of 1650. The individuals listed in this primeval Alphabetize approximates an early on census of Northumberland County. The prominent Maryland rebels discribed below are all referenced in the earliest office of the Index, 20 JAN 1648 - 24 MAY 1650. [234]
At present would exist an opportune time to acquaint yourself with a map of colonial Maryland by clicking here (image) and with a detailed map of St. Mary's Hundred by clicking here (epitome).
Thomas Baldridge was a freeman in Maryland who was appointed High Constable of St. George'south Hundred in 1637. [238] On 25 January 1637/38, he attended the showtime Maryland Assembly of freemen as "Sergeant and Planter of St. Mary's" and his brother, James Baldridge, attended equally "Sheriff of St Maries County". [154] In spite of - or possibly because of - being fined 40 pounds of tobacco on 15 March 1637/38 by the Associates for "hit Isaac Edwards" [258], five days later on xx March Thomas Baldridge was appointed Loftier Sheriff and Coroner of St. Mary's. [264] In October 1640 he served as a Burgess in the elected Assembly of Maryland from St. Michael'due south Hundred [259] and was a Lieutenant in the militia by 28 August 1642 when he was responsible for the southern portion of St. Michael'due south Hundred. [265] Early in the rebellion Baldridge referred to himself as "Captain" and led a party to the habitation of Nicholas Harvey, the prominent Catholic baron of St. Joseph's Manor, on the Patuxent River which was plundered and burned. [176, 266] After during the rebellion Baldridge and his married woman, Dorothy, occupied the Jesuit estate house at St. Inigoes. [240, 241]
By 1648, Baldridge was living in Northumberland County, Virginia, and appeared against Lee Nott in the Index to Northumberland County Deeds and Orders Book i [278]. Captain Thomas Baldridge was already a Justice in the primeval extant court record dated 24 May 1650 forth with Mr. John Hallows and Mr. John Mottrom. [273] Thomas and his brother, James, received a grant for 840 acres on the south side of the Potomac River on three April 1651 for the "transport" of 17 person including themselves and Lurida, Mary and William Baldridge. [249] Later that year, Thomas Baldridge represented Northumberland County in the Virginia Business firm of Burgesses [283]. As a Justice on 20 July 1652, Baldridge was referred to as Major Thomas Baldridge. [284] Thomas died intestate past May 1654. The administration of his estate was granted to his brother, James, who filed an inventory on ix Apr 1655. [288] View a map with the state patents of Thomas and James Baldridge hither (link).
Francis Gray (Graye) was an early immigrant to Maryland. On 25 January 1637/38, he attended the first Assembly of Freemen and was listed equally a "carpenter" from St. Mary'southward Hundred. [154] On 19 February 1638/39 he was elected a Burgess of St. Mary's hundred to the third Assembly of Maryland. [203 ] Afterward, Gray was elected a Burgess from St George's Hundred on 17 September 1640. [204] Francis Grayness was a Puritan who along with Robert Sedgrave was greatly offended by William Lewis's remarks concerning Mr. Smith's Sermons. Court testamony demonstrated that it was Greyness who urged Sedgrave to write a petition to Sir John Harvey, the Governor of Virginia, complaining virtually the: ".....abuses and scandalous reproaches....doe daily suffer by William Lewis of St. Ingego'due south who saith that our Ministers are the Ministers of the divell; and our books are made by the instruments of the divell...." [155, 156]
On 18 January 1646/1647, after Governor Calvert reclaimed the Province of Maryland, Provincial Attorney John Lewgar presented charges against Thomas and John Sturman, Francis Gray, John Hampton, Robert Smith and Thomas Yewell who had been pardoned twice for "crimes of rebellion". This time they were accused of gathering at John Mottrom's in Chicacoan to plot confronting Calvert and of preparing to raid Maryland. In the summary of charges, John Lewgar reported that some of the defendants were already in jail. On 19 January a bond was granted to the Sturmans, John Hampton, Francis Grayness and Robert Sedgrave (who had not been charged). Each pledged a bail of two k pounds of tobacco that they would not leave the county without informing the Governor and would not have secret communications with John Mottrom, Thomas Yewell, Thomas Lewis or Robert Smith. [184, 185, 230] If you lot haven't done so, you may read a detailed history of Gray's life and his prominent role in Ingle'southward Rebellion by clicking here (link).
Gray sold his cattle in Maryland in Apr 1647 and removed to Machodoc River in Northumberland County, Virginia. [198] He appears against Cuthbert Fenwick in the Index to the earliest Northumberland County Deeds and Orders Book 1 [278]. On 20 March 1649 Gray, John Hiller and John Cole were appointed to appraise Robert Sedgrave'south Inventory of goods and chattels which was recorded 10 January 1650. [274]
In the court minutes for 24 May 1650 Grayness was granted a certificate for "....300 acres past assignment from Capt. Francis Poythers for the transportation of several { 6 } persons into this Colony....". [275] In 1650/51 Gray sold his rights to 500 acres of state in Maryland to Luke Gardiner. [441] On 16 July 1654 Gray patented 1000 acres on the South side of the Potomac River at the head of Rosier's Creek for the "send" of xx persons and on 16 November 1664 patented another 374 acres side by side to the first for the "send" of viii persons. The original 1000 acres was "renewed" on xviii March 1662. [250] This is a map (image) of early Westmoreland Canton which shows Gray's land patents, the Upper Church at the Round Hills and the mills of John Washington (built 1662) and Andrew Monroe on Rozier'due south Creek (Attopin Creek).
On the 3rd of July 1661, Francis Gray took the adjuration to become a founding Vestrymen of Appomattocks Parish, Westmoreland County, along with the ancestors of two futurity U.S. Presidents: Andrew Monroe and John Washington. [192] Greyness died in June 1667; his will was proved on 31 July 1667. You lot may read a Chronology of Francis Gray's life in 77 Courtroom Records by clicking here (link).
John Hampton (Hamton) was not recorded as attention the get-go Maryland Assembly of Freemen on 25 January 1637/38. On 18 Jan 1643/1644 Hampton along with 30 or and then other Marylanders came aboard the Reformation to trade not knowing that Richard Ingle had been arrested. Soon, Acting Governor Giles Brent and Capt. Thomas Cornwalyes arrived and ordered the ship seized. Afterwards the ship's coiffure were arrested, Gov. Brent appointed John Hampton commander of the guard. Afterward Capt. Cornwalyes returned Richard Ingle to his transport and ordered Hampton to return the crew'southward weapons confident that the charges against Ingle wouldn't hold up. During the night, the Reformation'south coiffure suddenly overpowered the guards and sent them to shore including Hampton. [242] Gov. Brent entered charges against Cornwalyes, Hampton and others for "aiding Ingle's escape" simply they were somewhen dropped. [243] Hampton's function if whatever during the Rebellion is not specifically known.
On xviii January 1646/1647, afterward Governor Calvert reclaimed St. Mary'due south, Provincial Attorney John Lewgar presented charges against Thomas and John Sturman, Francis Greyness, John Hampton, Robert Smith and Thomas Yewell who had been pardoned twice for "crimes of rebellion". This time they were accused of gathering at John Mottram's in Chicacoan to plot against Calvert and of preparing to raid Maryland. In the summary of charges, John Lewgar reported that some of the defendants were already in jail. On 19 Jan a bond was granted to the Sturmans, John Hampton, Francis Gray and Robert Sedgrave (who had non been charged). Each pledged a bond of two grand pounds of tobacco that they would non leave the St. Mary's County without informing the Governor and would not have hush-hush communications with John Mottran, Thomas Yewell, Thomas Lewis or Robert Smith. [184, 185, 230] For details of these events please click here.
By 1648/49 Hampton was living in Northumberland County, Virginia, and appeared twice in the Index to the earliest Northumberland County Deeds and Orders Book 1 [278] against William Reynolds and James Clayton. Also in this Index, John Hallowes appears against the "Estate of John Hampton, deceased". After Hampton's expiry in early 1649, Francis Gray, Thomas Peake and Peter Philpott were appointed on seven May 1649 to brand an appraisal of Hampton'south Inventory of goods & chattels. Total account value: 5850 pounds of tobacco. Recorded on 10 January 1649/1650. [276] Early settlers ofttimes didn't tape their land to receive a grant for years afterward settling which was probably the case for Hampton since in that location is no land grant for him in Nell Marion Nugent's Cavaliers and Pioneers.
William Hardige (Hardich, Hardidge) in 1636 was transported to the Province of Maryland by a Capt. John Price - later on Colonel Price. [292] He was not recorded equally attending the beginning Assembly of Freemen on 25 January 1637/38. Hardige became a tailor in St. Michael's Hundred. Ironically, it was he who accused Richard Ingle of loftier treason confronting the Rex in January 1643/1644 and was ordered by Acting Governor Brent to arrest Ingle with the assistance of Cornwalyes. [239, 244] Just at a hearing Capt. Thomas Cornwaleys objected that Hardidge'south allegations confronting Ingle proceeded from a personal grudge over a disputed neb. Hardidge was persuaded that it would exist in his best interests to leave the colony which he did, fleeing to Chicacoan on the Northern Neck. [245]
A year later, William Hardige along with Thomas and John Sturman were said in court testimony to be recruited at Chicacoan past Richard Ingle to aid in Ingle's assail on St. Mary's in January 1644/1645. [246] Later Hardidge figured prominently in the destruction of Cornwaleys' property including the Cross House - the centerpiece of the captain's manor of Cornwaleys Cross. It was surrounded by a palisade, protected by three cannons and viewed by Ingle as a potential stronghold. [170, 235, 247 ]
By 1648/49, Hardidge was living in Northumberland County, Virginia, and appeared in four cases in the Index to the County Deeds and Orders Book 1 [278] against: Father Thomas Copley, Henry Lee, John Powell and Hugh Lee. On 15 September 1651 he received a patent in Northumberland County for 450 acres on the southward side of the Potomac River at Oyster Bespeak. [251] By January 1652 Hardick was acting "atturney" for several persons including Edward Thompson, Richard Hawkins and Ralph Elston. [282] On 19 October 1653, he re-patented the previously granted 450 acres and added 550 new acres side by side to them for a total of 1000 acres. [251] William Hardich was first appointed a Justice of Westmoreland Canton in 1658 along with Lt. Colonel Nathaniel Pope and Mr. James Baldridge and once more in 1664 along with Mr. John Washington and Mr. George Mason. [248] View a map of the state patents of William Hardidge here (link) and hither (link).
William Hardidge died in Bristol, England, in the Autumn of 1668. His volition was dated 22 November 1668 and information technology was proved viii January 1668/1669. [256]
Andrew Monroe (Munroe, Monrow) was a Maryland immigrant from Scotland who first settled on Kent Island, Province of Maryland (1637). He was not recorded as attending the first Assembly of Freemen on 25 January 1637/38. Monroe was a seaman by trade. By 1645, he was employed as the "principal of a pynnace" {pinnace} at Capt. Thomas Cornwaleys' Cantankerous Estate where Cuthbert Fenwick, an attorney, was the overseer. At the outbreak of the rebellion Monroe, Thomas Harrison and Edward Matthews were sent past Fenwick to secure Cornwaleys' new pinnace. They were captured by Ingle'south men, taken to the Reformation and given the choice of joining the rebellion or existence prisoners. Plainly seeing a gamble to gain their liberty, Monroe and Harrison surrendered the ship to Ingle'south forces and joined the rebellion. [170] This is the testimony of William Boreman about the incident at the Provincial Court on 28 May 1650:
The deposicon of William Boreman aged about 20th yeares Sworne and examined at St Maries in the Province of Maryland the 28th day of May 1650. Saith That virtually the yeare 1645, hee....being aboard a certaine Pynnace (then riding in St Inegoes Creeke) wherein were certaine Clothes, bedding and some Other appurtenances (of great value as this depont beleiveth) belonging to Mr. Cuthbert ffenwick, who then imployed Andrewe Monroe every bit Chief of the said Pynnace. And the said Andrewe, having beene and so sent to by the said Mr. ffenwick to bring the said Pynnace into the Creeke by the Crosse Business firm Where Mr ffenwick so dwelt, refused soe to doe but stayed where bee then ride with the said Pinnace every bit aforesaid till Mr Richard Ingle came into the said Creeke with his Shipp who seised uppon or plundred the said Pynnace and all the goods therein. The said Monroe making noe resistance simply rather (as it seemed to this depont) willingly consented thereunto. Who thereupon was imployed by the said Ingle in the tardily Warrs by him raised against the Govermt of this Province.
And did uppon that designe beare command in another Pynnace and then belonging to Capt Tho: Cornewallis, all or most of the time the said Ingle and then stayed in the Province. And more particularly at the taking & plundring of Mr {Father} Copley'southward Business firm at Portobac {Port Tobacco} Where this depont was (amongst others) taken and brought downe Prisoner to St Maries in the said concluding menconed Pynnace wherein the said Monroe and so had command as aforesaid. [270]
Typical of this rebellion, merely Protestant servants indentured to Catholics, like Monroe and Harrison, were permitted to join the rebellion and were freed. Whereas the servants of Protestant land owners were non. [182]
By 1648 Monroe was living in Northumberland County, Virginia, and appeared three times in the Index to the earliest County Deeds and Orders Volume 1 [278] confronting: Cornwalleys, Cuthbert Femick {Fenwick} and Robert Salter. According to Maryland Provincial Court records, on 6 April 1648 Andrew Monroe of Appomattox (Virginia) sold a heifer to Elias Embankment in St. Mary'southward Canton, Maryland. [267] He next appeared in a court on 24 May 1650 when Northumberland Justices ordered an attachment to him for 400 pounds tobacco against John Steerman (Sturman). [275] Andrew Monroe offset patented 200 acres in Northumberland County on 8 June 1650 for the transport of 4 persons including himself. He added 440 acres adjacent to this state on 29 November 1652 for the transport of 9 persons and renewed this patent on 18 March 1662. [252] Later on Westmoreland County was partitioned from Northumberland in 1653, Monroe was appointed a Courtroom Justice in that location in 1660. [248] Four generations of Monroes would live on this land which later became known as "Monrovia". On the 3rd of July 1661, Andrew Monroe took the oath to become i of the first Vestrymen of Appomattocks Parish, Westmoreland Canton, along with John Washington and Francis Greyness. [192] Andrew Monroe died in 1668. This Andrew Monroe was the great, great grandfather of President James Monroe. [257] View a map with the land patents of Andrew Monroe hither (link).
Nathaniel Pope came to the Province of Maryland as a freeman. He was recorded as attending the first Associates of Freemen on 25 January 1637/38 and was listed equally a "plantar" from St. Mary's Hundred. [154] Little is found in Maryland records on Pope until 1642 when he agreed to purchase Governor Leonard Calvert's house, land and servants in St. Mary's Hundred. At the time this house was the largest in the Province of Maryland and was used every bit the seat of government with the Assembly and Courts meeting there. His business firm also had an ordinary where delegates and justices could spend the night and have meals. It was from these earnings that he was able to rapidly repay the 15,ooo pounds of tobacco loaned by Gov. Calvert for the purchase. Pope also began to human action every bit "attorney" for persons at Courtroom and in August, 1642 was elected a Burgess to the Maryland Assembly from St. Mary's. In 1643 he purchased the rights to an additional 2000 acres of land. [182]
According to Riordan, Nathaniel Pope played the leadership role during and after Ingle'south Rebellion. Riordan further argues that Pope was "a responsible political party" because of these facts: 1) the middle of the rebellion was the fort constructed around Pope's house referred to in testimony as "Mr. Pope's Fort"; 2) Pope was assigned responsibleness for collecting 4000 pounds of tobacco levied by the Rebel'south Assembly of 1646; 3) afterward Gov. Calvert subdued the rebellion, Pope was sued by Robert Kedger and Nicholas Gwyther for payment for work performed during the rebellion years 1645 – 1646; 4) Blanch Oliver sued Pope for the value of her moo-cow stolen from her and taken to the Fort and five) several of the Ingle'south crew from the vessel, Reformation, testified in London courtroom that plundered goods were "unloaded at the fort" for Protestant use. [182]
Pope emigrated to the Northern Cervix of Virginia and appeared against William Enson in the Index to the earliest Northumberland County Deeds and Orders Volume 1 [278]. On 10 January 1650/1651 Nathaniel Pope commencement appeared equally a Northumberland Justice forth with Capt. Thomas Baldridge, Mr. John Hallows and Mr. John Mottrom. [277] Pope first patented grand acres on Chapawansick Creek in Westmoreland County on six September 1654 for ship of 20 persons and opened a trading post at Mattox Ferry. On 24 April 1656 he patented 1550 acres next to the showtime, some other 1500 acres on 31 August 1657 and 2454 acres on 23 March 1664. [253] On iv April 1655 Governor Richard Bennett and the Council of Virginia deputed Nathaniel Pope a Lt. Collonell in the Westmoreland County militia and likewise appointed Pope a Justice of Westmoreland County along with Mr. Thomas Speke, Mr. John Hallowes, Mr. John Hiller, Mr. Walter Broadhurst, Mr. John Dodman, Mr. James Baldridge, etc. [248] View a map of some of Nathaniel Pope's land patents here (link).
Pope befriended the 25 yr one-time immigrant, John Washington, who get in in Virginia as a second mate to Edward Prescott on the ketch, Sea Equus caballus, in late 1656. Washington married Pope's daughter, Ann, in 1658. As a nuptials souvenir on 11 May 1659 Nathaniel Pope transferred country "to Mr. John Dodman and Wm. Hardich in trust for my daughter, Ann Pope alias Washington. For divers expert causes, all my right and title in this patent." [289] After Pope'south death in the Winter of 1660, the 700 acre of land on "South side of the Potomac River" was assigned to Ann on 13 January 1661. [280]. Pope's Will of 16 May 1659 specifically mentions giving "Unto my sonn in police {John Washington a} mare"; Pope also forgave Washington's debt of 80 £ Sterling. [290] An appraisal of Pope'due south Inventory with a valuation of 395 English language £ was accepted in Court on xiv May 1660. Pope had 15 named servants. John Washington was appointed guardian of Nathaniel Pope'southward two sons: Thomas and Nathaniel. [291] View some other map of Pope and Washington land patents here (link).
John and Ann Washington built a residence and ordinary which became known equally the "Courtroom House" because the county court was often held at that place much as Nathaniel Pope had done in Maryland before the rebellion years at St. Mary'due south Hundred. On 3 July 1661, Washington was fabricated a Vestryman of Appomattock Parish along with Francis Gray and Andrew Monroe. [192] On 4 September 1661 Major Washington was granted "1200 acres....on the S side of the Potomack River upon branches of Appamattox....side by side to Mr. Nataniell Pope". [254] He built Washington Manufactory on the caput of Rozier'southward Creek in 1662 and after that yr was appointed a Justice of Westmoreland Canton for the beginning time. [248] In March 1664 Major Washington was granted "320 acres....at Ostery Crush Poynt....upon the Potomack River". On 1 June 1664 Washington was granted 300 acres on Hallowes Creek and some other 1700 acres on Appomattox Creek side by side to Nathaniel Pope. [254] Most 1672 Washington was appointed Lt. Colonel in the county militia. The immigrant John Washington was of grade the great, great grandfather of President George Washington. He died in 1677.
Robert Sedgrave was not recorded as attending the commencement Maryland Assembly of Freemen on 25 January 1637/38. By July 1638 he was a servant of William Lewis, the overseer, on St. Inigoes Manor, a Jesuit Manor. He was a Puritan who forth with Francis Gray was profoundly offended by William Lewis' remarks concerning Mr. Smith'south Sermons. Unusual for his time, Sedgrave was well educated and wrote a petition to Sir John Harvey, the Governor of Virginia, complaining nearly the: ".....abuses and scandalous reproaches....doe daily endure by William Lewis of St. Ingego'southward who saith that our Ministers are the Ministers of the divell; and our books are made by the instruments of the divell...." [155, 156]
After Governor Calvert returned to power in St. Mary's, Sedgrave was captured and jailed along with Thomas Sturman, Francis Greyness and John Hampton in Jan 1646/1647. On 19 Jan 1646/1647 a bail was granted to the Sturmans, John Hampton, Francis Greyness and Robert Sedgrave (who had not been charged). Each pledged a bond of 2 thousand pounds of tobacco that they would non get out the county without informing the Governor, nor would they have secret communications with John Mottrom, Thomas Yewell, Thomas Lewis or Robert Smith. [184, 185, 230] For details of these events please click hither.
Sedgrave appears in the Index to the primeval Northumberland County Human action and Order Book equally certified to purchase land at Nominy {Creek}. [278] Afterwards his expiry in early on 1649, an appraisal of his goods & chattels past John Hiller, Francis Gray and Robert Cole appeared equally an Inventory dated 20 March 1649. Recorded 10 Jan 1649/1650 [274] John Hollowes Administrator of Robert Sedgrave´due south estate gave a total business relationship value: 3844 pounds of tobacco, 20 September 1651. [281]
A year afterwards, a 10 March 1652/1653 court society strongly implies that Sedgrave was "Sheriffe and Clerk of this Canton Court". The order reads:
"Whereas Mr. Robert Sedgrave hath divers fees oweing him as Sheriffe and Clerk of this Canton Court and divers persons make refusall of payment thereof; the Court doth therefore order: that those persons who are indebted to him for fees shall makee nowadays payment thereof to Mr. John Hollowes, Ambassador of ye saide Mr. Sedgrave, or else for default of payment...." [285]
Since nosotros know that Sedgrave was one of the very few individuals who could write English, it makes perfect sense that he was appointed Clerk of Courtroom for Northumberland Canton. It may be that direct evidence for these appointments was in the missing pages i through 38 of Northumberland County Orders.
Thomas Sturman (Steerman) was non recorded as attending the first Maryland Assembly of Freemen on 25 January 1637/38. Sturman arrived on William Claiborne's Kent Island as a cooper working for Cloberry & Company. Sturman later settled in St. Michael's Hundred where he was elected a Burgess to the General Assembly in July 1642. [260] That Assembly took identify in September. [261] Since the Governor required all freemen to be nowadays, on September 5th the minutes noted: "Francis Gray appeared by his Proxie, Thos Sterman". [262] Sturman apparently had a large house since on 28 August 1642 the Council of Maryland designated his firm as ane of the places for women and children to take refuge in the upshot of an Indian attack. [265] Sturman was an outspoken freeman in the early Assembly of Maryland. It was Thomas Sturman who pointedly questioned Governor Calvert virtually his Committee to capture Puritan vessels and whether it practical to the waters off the coast of Maryland. [169]
Thomas and John Sturman along with William Hardige were said to exist recruited by Richard Ingle to aid in Ingle's assail on St Mary's. [246] Thomas played a prominent office in the plunder of Capt. Thomas Cornwaleys's house at Cross Estate which at the time was the largest and wealthiest dwelling in Maryland and commanded a garrison at that place early on in the rebellion. After the taking of St. Thomas's fort, a number of prisoners were held at Thomas Sturman's house at St. Michael's Hundred. [170, 182, 237, 247]
After Lord Calvert regained authority on 18 January 1646/1647, charges were presented confronting Thomas and John Sturman, Francis Gray, John Hampton. Robert Smith and Thomas Yewell - all prominent in the insurgence. The indictment charged that on 13 January they had secretly fled to Chicacoan and met at John Mottrom's firm. And that they plotted to raid Maryland for cattle and to fire and destroy holding. In the summary of charges, John Lewgar ( Provincial Attorney) reported that some of the defendants were already in jail. On 19 Jan a bond was granted to the Sturmans, John Hampton, Francis Gray and Robert Sedgrave who had not been charged. Each pledged a bail of two chiliad pounds of tobacco that they would non leave the canton without informing the Governor, nor would they take secret communications with John Mottrom, Thomas Yewell, Thomas Lewis or Robert Smith. For details of these events delight click here. On 27 Jan, Calvert issued an balls to Smith and Yewell and promised them a pardon if they submitted by iv February and took the adjuration of fealty. [184, 185, 230]
Seemingly in training to remove to the Northern Neck of Virginia, St. Mary'due south Courtroom on vi Apr 1648 recorded this: "I, Thomas Sturman, exercise freely and absolutely give my Shallop {modest send} & all the cattle wch of mine now in Mary Land unto my sonne John Sturman to take and to hold and to enjoy ...." [269] Even so, his bug at St Mary's court connected when in February, 1649, he defended himself confronting Margaret Brent, executrix for the Manor of former Gov. Leonard Calvert, who sued him for his 1000 acres in St. Michael'south Hundred which she claimed Governor Calvert never sold to the previous owner, Thomas Pasmore. [268] The case was settled on 1 November 1650 with "Sturman to hold and possess the 1000 acres and plantation formerly belonging to Thomas Pasmore". [271] The preceding April (1650) Mr. Thomas Sturman was over again elected a Burgess for St. Michael's Hundred and was paid for attending the Assembly for 21 days. [263] So it is unclear when Sturman actually removed to the Northern Cervix of Virginia.
During his life Sturman appeared only twice in Northumberland County records. In the Index to the earliest Northumberland County Deeds and Orders Book 1 [278] where a sale from Hannah Hewett to Thomas Sturman is recorded. There is no other record of him buying land in Virginia. His son, John, appears twice in the early Alphabetize confronting Thomas Purlivant's estate and against John Powell. On 24 May 1650 Andrew Monroe received an attachment confronting John Sturman for a debt of 400 pounds of tobacco. [275] View a map of his son, John Sturman's, land patent hither (link).
In March 1653/54, at the Provincial Court in St. Mary's , Thomas and his son, John, agreed to pay a penalisation of 1150 pounds of tobacco and casks by the 10th of November next to Thomas Cornwalleys Esq. for all outstanding cases against them. [272 ]
Sturman died in 1654 in Westmoreland County and his married woman, Anne, died shortly thereafter leaving a Will dated 22 June 1654.
Past a Will & Testament my late husband, Thomas Sturman, deceased, made me sole and whole Exectris & there being no Court since ye death of my husband to make a Probate of his said Volition which was my want to doe. And at present find my selfe weak in body just in perfect retentiveness make my last Will & Testamt.....Secondly I give my sonne John Two Cowes called Browne and Smot & one Bull and all ye hoggs that be in Maryland except one Sow that I requite my Grandchilde Thomas Youlle &.....also to my sone John Sturman halfe ye right of Land that is due at Maryland & ye other halfe of ye Said Correct of State to my sone Richard Sturman.....Lastly I bequeath to my sone Richard Sturman one cow chosen Starr, two yearlings one valued by Piddling Browning & another cherry Yearling & all my hoggs and their increase that are at Nominy {Virginia} & fower {four} Calves that were weaned this yeare & farther I requite him ii Bulls one from John Wood & ye other from olde Tasker. More than I give him my retainer man for his full time to serve & ye Croppe of Tobacco & Corne upon ye footing that is growing. More than I give my sone Richard all ye appurtenances that is in ye house mouvables and unmoveables.....& for ye debt that I owe, I leave ye Tobacco that is due for ye Land my husband solde in Maryland to pay ye said debt & likewise I leave ane hoggshead of Tobacco that was recovered in Maryland Courtroom towards paying of those debts. 1 thousand pounds of tobacco that will be overplus of paying my debts, I requite to my daughter Rosamund which lives in England & that Tobacco is left in my sone Richards hands to pay her.....In witness whereof I have sett my paw ye 22nd day of June Ano Dm 1654. Witnesses: Walter Broadhurst, John Wood Proved 21st August 1654 [287]
Thomas and Anne Sturman retained rights to land in Maryland since Anne'south Will mentioned "To son John 2 cows and 1 bull, all hogs that be in Maryland.....Other personal property to son John, too half of rights to state due in Maryland, the other half of the rights to son Richard." The Sturmans too had land in Virginia since her Volition also stated: "To son Richard cattle at Nominy....a retainer man, crops, goods in the business firm....". [287] View Richard Sturman's 1666 state patent hither (link).
Thomas Yowell (Yewell, Youle, Youl) immigrated to Isle of Kent, Province of Maryland, by 1637. He was non recorded as attention the first Associates of Freemen on 25 January 1637/38. The details of Yewell's participation in the Rebellion against Lord Calvert are not known.
After Lord Calvert regained dominance on 18 January 1646/1647, charges were presented against Thomas and John Sturman, Francis Gray, John Hampton. Robert Smith and Thomas Yewell - all prominent in the uprising. The indictment charged that on thirteen January they had secretly fled to Chicacoan and met at John Mottrom's business firm. And that they plotted to raid Maryland for cattle and to burn down and destroy holding. In the summary of charges, John Lewgar ( Provincial Attorney) reported that some of the defendants were already in jail. On 19 January a bond was granted to the Sturmans, John Hampton, Francis Gray and Robert Sedgrave (who had non been charged). Each pledged a bond of 2 thousand pounds of tobacco that they would non leave the county without informing the Governor, nor would they have secret communications with John Mottrom, Thomas Yewell, Thomas Lewis or Robert Smith. [184, 185] For details of these events delight click here.
As well on the 19th, Calvert repeated the indictment against Smith, Lewis and Yowell saying that they "joined themselves to persons...affected against this Province and doe hence render...by night as enemies and Robbers, and kill and Behave away the Cattle of the Inhabitants" [184]. On 27 Jan, Calvert issued an assurance to Smith and Yewell and promised them a pardon if they submitted past 4 February and took the adjuration of fealty. [230] In 1649 Yowell was still living in Maryland.
Yewell appeared twice in the Index to the earliest Northumberland Canton, Virginia, Deeds and Orders Book i [278] against: Huge Lee and too against Hanna Lee. Youle patented 300 acres in Northumberland County "on the south side of the Potomac River, bordering Nominy Bay" for the transportation of six persons into the colony. On 25 October 1650, he and his wife, Ann, sold the 300 acres to Rice Maddocke, "Chirugion". [279] He later patented 500 acres in Northumberland County on xix November 1653 upon the Lower Machotick River for the transport of 10 persons. On 8 November 1653 Thomas Youl was granted 150 acres in Northumberland Canton upon the south side of Nominy River. [255] His property became a part of Westmoreland County in 1653. Thomas Yowell died there by xx November 1655 since a Mr. Broughton received an "Attachment against Estate of Thomas Youle, deceased, for 3600 pounds of tobacco and caske due by bill" on that date. [286] View a map of Yowell's land patents here (link).
This is the spirited, independent culture into which William Rush - the immigrant - settled effectually 1650. Rush would ally Francis Grey'south girl, Anne Greyness, in late 1658 - all-time guess November. To read a history of the William Blitz family unit please click here (link) .
Sources of Maryland Court Records
Yous may access and search the Athenaeum of Maryland Online by clicking hither (link).
In addition, Dr. Lois Green Carr, Historian, Historic St. Mary'southward City, has placed images of her research index cards online for a number of early settlers. Y'all may click hither (link) for her "St Mary's Metropolis Mens Career File" for Francis Gray.
Acknowledgement
I am very indebted to Timothy Riordan and his book:The Plundering Time: Maryland and the English language Civil War(Baltimore, Maryland Historical Club, 2004). I learned a neat deal from his account of Ingle's Rebellion about the men whom I discussed above. Indeed, Riordan'south book sparked my curiosity about the fate of these prominent rebels after they removed to the Northern Neck of Virginia.
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